Life Processes


🔬 Chapter: Life Processes (Class 10 Science)

📚 Short Notes

🔹 1. Life Processes

Life processes are the processes which maintain body functions and are necessary for survival.
Examples: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion

🔹 2. Nutrition

Process of intake and utilization of nutrients.

Types of Nutrition:

  • Autotrophic: Organisms prepare their own food (e.g., plants)
  • Heterotrophic: Organisms depend on others for food (e.g., animals)

🌱 Autotrophic Nutrition (Photosynthesis)

  • Occurs in green plants
  • Uses: Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight + Chlorophyll
  • Produces: Glucose + Oxygen

Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)

🔹 3. Respiration

Process of breaking down glucose to release energy.

Types:

  • Aerobic (with oxygen): More energy, end products = CO₂ + H₂O
  • Anaerobic (without oxygen): Less energy, end products = alcohol or lactic acid

Equation:
Glucose → Energy + CO₂ + H₂O (aerobic)

🔹 4. Transportation

Transport of nutrients and gases in organisms.

  • In Humans:

    • Heart pumps blood
    • Arteries and veins carry oxygen and CO₂
    • Blood has RBCs (carry oxygen), WBCs (fight infection), Plasma (transport nutrients), Platelets (clotting)

  • In Plants:

    • Xylem: Transports water
    • Phloem: Transports food

🔹 5. Excretion

Removal of metabolic waste.

  • In Humans:

    • Kidneys filter urea from blood
    • Waste removed as urine

  • In Plants:

    • Waste stored in leaves, excreted via stomata or fallen leaves

✅ Key Terms

  • Chlorophyll: Green pigment in plants
  • Nephron: Unit of kidney
  • Alveoli: Air sacs in lungs for gas exchange
  • Transpiration: Water loss from leaves

 

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